Voltage: Chinsinsi Chobisika Chotsegula Chidziwitso Chabwino Choyatsira Ma EV

Madalaivala a EV akamanena za kutchaja, "liwiro" nthawi zonse limakhala mutu wankhani. Koma mfundo yeniyeni yaukadaulo yomwe imayang'anira kutchaja mwachangu si kungoyang'ana mphamvu yokha. Voltage ndiyo yomwe imafotokoza malire apamwamba a kutchaja bwino, imakhudza thanzi la batri kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso imawongolera njira zaukadaulo zamtsogolo.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za fizikisi yomwe ili kumbuyo kwa magetsi—ndipo ikuwonetsa momwe imakhudzira nthawi iliyonse yomwe mumayigwiritsa ntchito pochaja.

(Chithunzi Chochokera: Unduna wa Zamayendedwe ku US)

1. Kudumpha Kogwira Ntchito — Chifukwa Chake 800V Inakhala Malo Osungiramo Zinthu Zaukadaulo

Malinga ndi fizikisi yoyambira, mphamvu (P) = voltage (V) × current (A).
Kuti muwonjezere mphamvu yochaja, mutha kukweza mphamvu yamagetsi kapena kukweza mphamvu yamagetsi. Koma mphamvu yamagetsi yokwera imabweretsa zovuta zazikulu: zingwe zokhuthala, kutentha kwambiri, komanso kutayika kwa mphamvu zambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kukweza mphamvu yamagetsi kukhale njira yabwino kwambiri yosinthira.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake nsanja za 800V zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri zimaonedwa kuti ndi nthawi yofunikira kwambiri paukadaulo wa EV.
Tengani Porsche Taycan—imodzi mwa magalimoto oyamba kupanga ma 800V EV. Dongosolo lake limathandizira mphamvu yochaja mpaka 320 kW. Chofunika kwambiri, pakusamutsa mphamvu komweko, mphamvu yamagetsi imatha kuchepetsedwa ndi theka, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kutayika kwa kutentha ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito onse ochaja.

Zotsatira zake ndi zabwino kwambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito: Taycan imatha kuyitanitsa kuyambira 10% mpaka 80% mu ndalama zochepa monga momwe zilili Mphindi 18pa charger ya 800V yothamanga kwambiri.

(Chithunzi Chochokera: Capital One Auto Navigator)

2. Kugwirizana — Nzeru ndi Mtengo wa “Kugwirizana Kotsika”

Vuto masiku ano ndilakuti ma EV omwe ali ndi mphamvu ya 800V nthawi zonse sangapeze ma charger ofanana ndi ma voltage apamwamba.
Chitsanzo chabwino ndi Hyundai IONIQ 5. Ngakhale kuti galimotoyo imathandizira kuchajidwa kwa 800V, malo ambiri oimika magalimoto a Tesla Supercharger V3 amapereka mphamvu pafupifupi 500V.
Kuti galimotoyo isinthe, iyenera kuyambitsa chosinthira chamkati cha DC/DC ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi kufika pa 400V - kuchepetsa mphamvu yochaja kwambiri kufika pafupifupi 135 kW, mphamvu yake yocheperako kwambiri ya 257 kW.

Kugwirizana kumeneku ndi kwanzeru—koma kumabwera ndi kutayika kwa magwiridwe antchito.
Ndipo kuchepa kumeneku kukufulumizitsa kusintha kwa makampaniwa kupita ku zomangamanga zoyendetsera magetsi amphamvu kwambiri.

3. Malire a Chitetezo — Malire Okwanira a Kukulitsa Mphamvu ya Voltage

Pamene magetsi akukwera, chitetezo chimakhala mzere wofiira wosakambirana.
Mphamvu yamagetsi yokwera imafuna zofunikira kwambiri pa kutchinjiriza, kuyang'anira kutentha, ndi kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni.

IEC 61851 imafotokoza malire omveka bwino:

• Mpaka 1000V AC
• Mpaka 1500V DC

Mofananamo, dongosolo laposachedwa la kutsimikizira la CCTA tsopano likuphimba 150V–1000V, ndipo akukhazikitsa maziko a machitidwe ochapira magetsi a megawatt amtsogolo.

Miyezo imeneyi pamodzi imapanga "zotetezera" zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti kuyitanitsa mwachangu sikusokoneza chitetezo.

(Chithunzi Chochokera: ANSI WEBSTORE)

4.Tsogolo — Kupitirira Mphamvu Yaikulu, Kupita ku Mphamvu Yanzeru Kwambiri

Gawo lotsatira la mpikisano silikungokhudza kukweza nsanja zamagetsi kuchokera pa 400V mpaka 800V ndi kupitirira apo.
Mtengo weniweni uli mu kasamalidwe ka magetsi anzeru:

• Kuwongolera kwa BMS kolondola
  Kukonza bwino mphamvu yamagetsi kumathamanga kwambiri panthawi yomaliza yochaja kuti liwongolere liwiro ndi moyo wautali wa batri.
• Kugwirizana kwa galimoto ndi chaja
  Kulankhulana kwa nthawi yeniyeni pakati pa chojambulira ndi BMS ya galimoto kuti ipange mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri ojambulira.
• Kusinthasintha kwa nyengo yonse
  Makina apamwamba otenthetsera amaonetsetsa kuti kuyatsa mwachangu kumakhala kotetezeka komanso kogwira ntchito bwino kuzizira kwambiri kapena kutentha kwambiri.

Mapeto

Voltage ndi yoposa muyezo waukadaulo wozizira. Imagwirizanitsa kugwira ntchito bwino kwa chaji, kuyanjana kwa chaji, chitetezo cha makina, komanso thanzi la batri.
Kwa eni magalimoto a EV, kumvetsetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yokwanira yochaja galimoto yanu kumakuthandizani kukonzekera maulendo ataliatali ndikusankha ma charger omwe angakuthandizeni kuti igwire bwino ntchito.
Kwa makampani, kusintha kwa magetsi kumayimira mpikisano wokwanira mu sayansi ya zinthu, uinjiniya wamagetsi, ndi ulamuliro wanzeru.

Pamene ukadaulo wochaja ukusintha, ma charger okha ayenera kuthandizira ma voltage ambiri, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, komanso ma algorithms anzeru owongolera.
Ichi ndi chomwechi Injet New Energyakumanga—ma charger omwe amawonetsa uthenga umodzi wosavuta:
Kaya ukadaulo wa EV ukusintha bwanji, timapereka mphamvu mwachangu, motetezeka, komanso modalirika pagalimoto iliyonse.