Voltage: Urufunguzo rwihishe rwo gufungura uburyo bwiza bwo gusharija amashanyarazi

Iyo abashoferi ba EV bavuga ibyo gusharija, "umuvuduko" ni wo uhora ari umutwe w'ingenzi. Ariko igipimo nyacyo cya tekiniki kiri inyuma yo gusharija vuba ni ibirenze kure urugero rw'ingufu gusa. Voltage ni yo igena ingano ntarengwa yo gusharija, igira ingaruka ku buzima bwa bateri mu gihe kirekire, ndetse inagena inzira z'ikoranabuhanga mu gihe kizaza.
Iyi nkuru isobanura neza fiziki iri inyuma y’amashanyarazi—kandi igaragaza uburyo igira ingaruka kuri buri gihe cyo gusharija uhura nacyo.

(Ifoto yavuye: Minisiteri y'Ubwikorezi muri Amerika)

1. Gusimbuka mu buryo bwiza — Impamvu 800V yahindutse ikigega cy'amazi cy'ikoranabuhanga

Dukurikije fiziki y'ibanze, imbaraga (P) = voltage (V) × current (A).
Kugira ngo wongere imbaraga zo gusharija, ushobora kuzamura voltage cyangwa gusunika umuriro mwinshi. Ariko umuriro mwinshi uzana imbogamizi zikomeye: insinga nini, ubushyuhe bwinshi, no gutakaza ingufu nyinshi. Ibi bituma kuzamura voltage iba inzira nziza yo kuvugurura.

Niyo mpamvu ibyuma bikoresha ingufu za 800V bifatwa nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi mu ikoranabuhanga rya EV.
Fata Porsche Taycan—imwe muri za 800V EV za mbere zakozwe ku bwinshi. Sisitemu yayo ishyigikira imbaraga zo gusharija kugeza kuri 320 kW. Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, mu gihe kimwe cyo guhererekanya ingufu, ingufu zishobora kugabanukaho kimwe cya kabiri, bigabanura cyane igihombo cy'ubushyuhe kandi bikanoza imikorere yo gusharija muri rusange.

Umusaruro ni uko umukoresha abona ubunararibonye bwiza ku buryo bugaragara: Taycan ishobora kwishyuza kuva kuri 10% kugeza kuri 80% mu gihe gito cyane Iminota 18kuri charger yihuta cyane ya 800V.

(Ifoto yavuyemo: Capital One Auto Navigator)

2. Guhuza Ibijyanye n'Ubushobozi — Ubwenge n'Ikiguzi cyo “Guhuza Ibintu mu Buryo Buto”

Ikibazo kiri muri iki gihe ni uko amashanyarazi ya 800V adashobora kubona amashanyarazi ajyanye nayo afite ingufu nyinshi.
Urugero rwiza ni Hyundai IONIQ 5. Nubwo imodoka ishobora gusharija 800V, sitasiyo nyinshi za Tesla Supercharger V3 zitanga 500V.
Kugira ngo ikinyabiziga kimenyererwe, kigomba gukoresha converter yacyo ya DC/DC imbere hanyuma "kigabanye" voltage kuri 400V - bigabanye imbaraga zo gusharija ndende kugeza hafi 135 kW, munsi cyane y'ubushobozi bwayo ntarengwa bwa 257 kW.

Uku guhuza ibintu mu buryo buciriritse ni ubuhanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga—ariko bizana no gutakaza imikorere.
Kandi iyi mbogamizi iri kwihutisha impinduka mu nganda zigana ku bikorwa remezo bikoresha ingufu nyinshi z’amashanyarazi.

3. Imbibi z'umutekano — Imbibi zuzuye zo gupima amashanyarazi

Uko urugero rw'amashanyarazi ruzamuka, umutekano uba umurongo utukura udasubirwaho.
Umuvuduko mwinshi w'amashanyarazi ushyiraho amabwiriza akomeye ku bijyanye no gukingira ubushyuhe, gucunga ubushyuhe, no gukurikirana mu buryo nyabwo.

IEC 61851 isobanura imipaka isobanutse:

• Kugeza kuri 1000V AC
• Kugeza kuri 1500V DC

Muri ubwo buryo, gahunda nshya yo kwemeza CCTA ubu ikubiyemo 150V–1000V, kandi irimo gushyiraho urufatiro rw'uburyo bwo gushyushya bwa megawati mu gihe kizaza.

Izi ngamba zose hamwe zigize "uburinzi" butuma kwihutisha gusharija bitabangamira umutekano.

(Ifoto yavuyemo: ANSI WEBSTORE)

4.Ahazaza — Harenze Voltage Ikomeye, Hagana Voltage Yimbitse

Icyiciro gikurikira cy'irushanwa si ukuzamura ibyuma bitanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi kuva kuri 400V kugeza kuri 800V no kurenza aho.
Agaciro nyakuri kari muri gucunga ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu buryo bw'ubwenge:

• Kugenzura neza BMS
  Gutunganya neza umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi mu cyiciro cya nyuma cyo gusharija kugira ngo bihuze umuvuduko n'igihe bateri imara.
• Guhuza charger n'imodoka
  Itumanaho ry'igihe nyacyo hagati y'icyuma gitanga charger na BMS y'imodoka kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwiza bwo gutanga charger.
• Guhuza n'ikirere cyose
  Sisitemu zigezweho z'ubushyuhe zituma gusharija vuba biguma mu buryo butekanye kandi bunoze mu gihe cy'ubukonje bukabije cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Umwanzuro

Voltage iruta kure cyane ibipimo bya tekiniki bikonje. Ihuza imikorere myiza yo gusharija, imikorere ya charger, umutekano wa sisitemu, n'ubuzima bwa bateri.
Ku batunze imodoka za EV, gusobanukirwa ingufu ntarengwa zo gusharija imodoka yawe bigufasha gutegura ingendo ndende no guhitamo charger zituma ikora neza.
Ku nganda, iterambere ry’amashanyarazi rigaragaza isiganwa ryuzuye mu bumenyi bw’ibikoresho, ubwubatsi bw’amashanyarazi, no kugenzura ibintu mu buryo bw’ubwenge.

Uko ikoranabuhanga ryo gusharija rigenda ritera imbere, charger ubwazo zigomba gushyigikira urwego rwagutse rw'amashanyarazi, ubucucike bw'ingufu nyinshi, hamwe na algorithme z'ubuhanga bwo kugenzura.
Ibi nibyo koko Injet New Energyirimo kubaka—ishaja zitanga ubutumwa bworoshye:
Uko ikoranabuhanga rya EV ryaba riteye kose, dutanga ingufu zihuse, zitekanye kandi zizewe kuri buri modoka.